Which of the following lists examples of fraud vectors?

• A. Phishing, social engineering, spoofing, malware, identify theft, synthetic identity, account takeover, and card testing
• B. Credit risk, liquidity risk, market risk
• C. Invoicing, VAT, tax reporting
• D. Payment methods like cards and wallets

Answer: (C)

Fraud vectors are the specific techniques attackers use to commit fraud. The best choice lists examples that describe direct attack methods—phishing, social engineering, spoofing, malware, identity theft, synthetic identities, account takeover, and card testing. These are all ways fraudsters exploit people or systems to steal information or money. The other options don’t describe attacker techniques: risk categories like credit, liquidity, and market refer to types of risk, not methods of fraud; invoicing, VAT, and tax reporting describe legitimate financial processes; and payment methods like cards and wallets are channels or instruments, not the tactics attackers use.